Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space (volume). All things around us, like air, water, and stones, are made of matter.
Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume. The particles in a solid are packed very tightly together, which is why they do not flow.
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. They take the shape of the container they are poured into. Particles in a liquid are less tightly packed than in solids.
Gases have no fixed shape and no fixed volume. They spread out to fill any space available. The particles in a gas are very far apart and move freely.
Water is a unique substance that exists in all three states: Ice (solid), Water (liquid), and Water Vapor ( gas).
Change of State: Heating or cooling can change matter from one state to another. For example, heating ice turns it into liquid water (melting).
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
Identify the state of matter for the following: A wooden block, Orange juice, and Oxygen in a balloon.
Solution:
Wooden block = Solid; Orange juice = Liquid; Oxygen = Gas.
Explanation:
The wood has a fixed shape (Solid), the juice flows and takes the shape of the glass (Liquid), and Oxygen fills the entire balloon (Gas).
Problem 2:
If you move of milk from a bottle to a bowl, will the volume change? What about the shape?
Solution:
The volume stays , but the shape changes to match the bowl.
Explanation:
Liquids like milk have a fixed volume but take the shape of the container they occupy.
Problem 3:
What is the chemical notation for water in its gaseous state?
Solution:
(as water vapor).
Explanation:
Whether water is ice, liquid, or steam, its chemical components remain the same, represented as .