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Earth and Space - Moon Phases

Grade 3IB

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

The Moon does not produce its own light; it reflects light from the Sun (LsunL_{sun}).

The Moon orbits the Earth in a circular path, completing one full revolution in approximately 29.529.5 days.

The different shapes of the Moon we see from Earth are called 'Phases'. These phases depend on the relative positions of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.

There are 88 primary phases in the lunar cycle: New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, and Waning Crescent.

Waxing means the illuminated (lit) portion is increasing, while Waning means the illuminated portion is decreasing.

The New Moon occurs when the Moon is located between the Earth and the Sun, resulting in 0%0\% visibility of the lit side from Earth.

📐Formulae

Tcycle29.5 daysT_{cycle} \approx 29.5 \text{ days}

Duration of half a cycle=Tcycle214.75 days\text{Duration of half a cycle} = \frac{T_{cycle}}{2} \approx 14.75 \text{ days}

Illumination at Full Moon=100%\text{Illumination at Full Moon} = 100\%

💡Examples

Problem 1:

If a Full Moon is observed on the 1st1^{st} of the month, approximately when will the next New Moon occur?

Solution:

Around the 15th15^{th} or 16th16^{th} of the month.

Explanation:

The time between a Full Moon and a New Moon is half of a lunar cycle. Since a full cycle is 29.5\approx 29.5 days, half a cycle is 29.5214.75\frac{29.5}{2} \approx 14.75 days.

Problem 2:

A student observes that the Moon is getting 'bigger' (more lit up) every night. Is the Moon 'Waxing' or 'Waning'?

Solution:

The Moon is Waxing.

Explanation:

In astronomy, 'Waxing' refers to the period where the visible surface of the Moon increases from 0%0\% (New Moon) to 100%100\% (Full Moon).

Problem 3:

How many main phases are counted in one complete lunar orbit?

Solution:

88 phases.

Explanation:

The cycle is divided into 88 distinct stages based on the amount of sunlight reflected toward Earth: New Moon, Waxing Crescent, 1st1^{st} Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, 3rd3^{rd} Quarter, and Waning Crescent.

Moon Phases - Revision Notes & Key Formulas | IB Grade 3 Science