Biology

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Cell wall

Vacuole

Reptiles

Fish

Amphibians

Birds

They all breathe oxygen through lungs

They all move from place to place

They all require nutrition

They all have a heart

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Ribosomes

Nervous system

Excretory system

Skeletal system

Digestive system

Meter (m)

Centimeter (cm)

Micrometer ($\mu m$)

Kilometer (km)

DNA

Starch

Oxygen ($O_2$)

Proteins

From high to low concentration

From low to high concentration

Against gravity

Towards the center of the cell

Turgid

Plasmolysed

Isotonic

Lysis

Amino acids

Glucose

Glycerol

Starch

It makes the blood turn red

It allows nutrients and waste products to be transported easily

It prevents the blood from clotting

It keeps the body temperature at exactly 100°C

In the brain

In the liver

In the stomach

In the lungs

It determines the color of the enzyme

It allows the enzyme to move through the blood

It must be complementary to the shape of the substrate

It allows the enzyme to store energy

Synthesis

Digestion

Respiration

Photosynthesis

It will work twice as fast

It will change its substrate

Its active site will change shape and lose function

It will turn into an amino acid

To provide buoyancy for the leaf

To allow $CO_2$ to diffuse to the palisade cells

To store oxygen for respiration at night

To act as a water reservoir

It will contain a lot of starch

It will be blue-black with iodine

It will contain no starch

It will turn green

Protection from herbivores

Gas exchange

Transport and support

Energy storage

Scurvy

Marasmus

Anemia

Night blindness

Colon

Ileum

Duodenum

Rectum

Red meat

Milk and cheese

Citrus fruits

White bread

Xylem

Phloem

Cortex

Pith

They are made of living cells

They contain cytoplasm

They have walls reinforced with lignin

They transport sucrose and amino acids

They lose water and become flaccid

They gain water and become turgid

They lose their nucleus

They stop photosynthesizing

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Transporting heat around the body

Carrying oxygen using hemoglobin

Engulfing bacteria

Pumping blood through the heart

Increased lung capacity

A heart attack

Improved blood flow to the brain

Healthier heart muscle

To pump blood

To move trapped pathogens up to the throat

To help swallow food

To cool down the lungs

Because the old vaccine expires in one week

Because the flu virus changes its surface antigens

Because people forget they were vaccinated

Because the government requires it

Phagocytosis

Active immunity

Mechanical defense

Passive transport

To hold more water

To speed up gas exchange by diffusion

To make the lungs heavier

To prevent air from leaving

In the blood in capillaries

In the cells of the toe

In the air inside the alveoli

In the pulmonary artery

Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

Argon

Light and sound

ATP and heat

Glucose and starch

Oxygen and water

Distilled water

Soda lime

Glucose solution

Ethanol

It is destroyed

It is converted into glucose

It is lost to the environment as heat

It is stored as oxygen

Liver

Heart

Kidney

Bladder

Fiber

Water from respiration

Inhaled argon

Undigested fat

Renal Pelvis

Renal Cortex

Renal Medulla

Ureter

Insulin

Oestrogen

Adrenaline

Testosterone

To focus light on the retina

To control the size of the pupil

To protect the cornea

To convert light into electrical impulses

Connects relay neurons to muscles

Carries impulses from receptors to the CNS

Is found only in the brain

Produces hormones like insulin

Cirrhosis

Chronic bronchitis

Lung cancer

Anemia

The antibiotics might have expired

The new infection might be viral

Using the wrong dose contributes to antibiotic resistance

All of the above

Tar

Glucose

Nicotine

Carbon monoxide

Oxygen

Glucose

Urea

Amino acids

Zygotes

Clones

Gametes

Hybrids

For photosynthesis

For aerobic respiration

To soften the seed coat

To produce chlorophyll

$23$

$46$

$92$

$44$

All variation is caused by the environment.

All variation is caused by genes.

Variation can be continuous or discontinuous.

Variation only occurs in animals, not plants.

1

2

23

46

Any sperm can fuse with any egg

Only the largest egg is fertilized

Mutations are removed from the DNA

Genes are chosen by the parents

It causes all bacteria to die immediately

It acts as a selection pressure, favoring resistant individuals

It prevents bacteria from ever mutating

It turns all bacteria into viruses

Mutation

Meiosis

Random fertilization

Eating more protein

They break down too quickly

They can accumulate in the bodies of organisms higher up the food chain

They only kill one specific type of insect

They are very cheap to produce

Nitrogen

Methane

Helium

Argon

A group of different species

The place where an organism lives

The role of an organism in its environment

A network of food chains

$0^{\circ}C$

$30^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$

$80^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$

$100^{\circ}C$

Ingredients are added and the product is harvested only at the end

The fermenter is never cleaned

Product is removed continuously as more food is added

No microorganisms are used

Chromosome

Nucleus

Plasmid

Chloroplast