Biology - The Reproductive System

The male reproductive system consists of the testes, which produce sperms and the hormone $Testosterone$. The sperms are stored and matured in the $Epididymis$ and travel through the $Vas \ deferens$.

The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, which produce ova (eggs), $Oestrogen$, and $Progesterone$. Fertilization typically occurs in the $Fallopian \ tube$ (Oviduct).

The menstrual cycle is a 28-day cycle divided into phases: Menstrual phase, Follicular phase, Ovulatory phase (at day $14$), and Luteal phase.

Fertilization is the fusion of a haploid sperm ($n$) and a haploid ovum ($n$) to form a diploid zygote ($2n$).

The placenta is a temporary organ that facilitates the exchange of nutrients, $O_2$, and $CO_2$ between the mother and the foetus through $Diffusion$. It also secretes $Progesterone$ to maintain pregnancy.

The gestation period in humans is approximately $280$ days or $9$ months, ending with $Parturition$ (childbirth) triggered by the hormone $Oxytocin$.