The Human Eye and Optical Phenomena

Thick in the middle and thin at the edges

Thin in the middle and thick at the edges

Flat on one side and curved on the other

Curved inward on both sides

$5\text{ cm}$

$25\text{ cm}$

$100\text{ cm}$

Infinity

Relaxed

Contracted

Strained

Tensed

Sclera

Iris

Crystalline Lens

Blind Spot

Ciliary muscles: Relaxed; Suspensory ligaments: Taut; Lens: Less convex

Ciliary muscles: Contracted; Suspensory ligaments: Taut; Lens: More convex

Ciliary muscles: Contracted; Suspensory ligaments: Slack; Lens: More convex

Ciliary muscles: Relaxed; Suspensory ligaments: Slack; Lens: Less convex

The focal length increases, and the optical power decreases.

The focal length decreases, and the optical power increases.

Both the focal length and the optical power increase.

Both the focal length and the optical power decrease.

The lens becomes thinner and focal length increases

The lens becomes thicker and focal length decreases

The lens becomes thinner and focal length decreases

The lens becomes thicker and focal length increases

The pressure pushes the lens backward, changing the effective focal length and damaging the optic nerve.

The pressure causes the lens to dissolve in the aqueous humor.

The pressure increases the refractive index of the lens too much.

The high pressure makes the lens completely flat and rigid.

The concentration of rhodopsin in the rod cells.

The elasticity of the lens capsule.

The refractive index of the vitreous humor.

The tension of the zonular fibers.

It is an energy-consuming state because ciliary muscles are actively contracted.

It is a resting state because the lens is in its natural shape.

Energy is only consumed when moving the eyeball, not for accommodation.

The suspensory ligaments are using ATP to pull the lens.

Visible

Invisible

Colored blue

Colored red

True solution

Colloid

Compound

Pure substance

Reflection of the blue sky

Scattering of light by water molecules

Both A and B

The color of the sand at the bottom

Blue

Red

White

Yellow

Prism experiment

Glass slab refraction experiment

Scattering of light by colloidal sulphur

Newton's disc experiment

Red

Yellow

Blue

Green

The sugar molecules are too large

The sugar molecules are smaller than $1 \text{ nm}$ in diameter

The sugar molecules absorb all the light

Sugar does not dissolve completely

Reflection is for waves, while scattering is only for particles.

Reflection occurs at a smooth interface, while scattering occurs in all directions from small particles.

Scattering only occurs with white light, while reflection occurs with all colors.

Reflection changes the frequency of light, while scattering does not.

A mixture of milk and water.

A dilute solution of soap in water.

A solution of sugar completely dissolved in water.

A few drops of ink in a large beaker of water.

Water droplets in fog are very small, causing Rayleigh scattering.

Fog absorbs all wavelengths except white.

Water droplets in fog are large compared to the wavelength of light, scattering all colors equally.

Fog causes the light to undergo multiple total internal reflections until it turns white.

Albert Einstein

Isaac Newton

C.V. Raman

Galileo Galilei

Two, two

Two, three

Three, two

One, four

Pupil

Iris

Cornea

Retina

Relaxed

Contracted

Vibrating

None of these

$n_1 > n_2 > n_3$

$n_1 = n_2 = n_3$

$n_3 > n_2 > n_1$

$n_2$ is exactly the average of $n_1$ and $n_3$

Far point becomes less than infinity; Near point remains approximately $25\text{ cm}$

Far point remains at infinity; Near point becomes greater than $25\text{ cm}$

Both the Far point and the Near point increase significantly

Both the Far point and the Near point decrease significantly

A spectrum with 14 distinct colors

Recombination of colors into a beam of white light

A spectrum with colors in reverse order

Only the primary colors: Red, Green, and Blue

The daylight duration would be longer than it is on Earth currently.

The daylight duration would be shorter than it is on Earth currently.

The daylight duration would remain exactly the same.

The Sun would never be visible as light would be totally internally reflected.

1.1

1.2

1.07

0.8

Prism with base $BC$ at the bottom

Prism with base $BC$ at the top (inverted)

Prism with base $BC$ vertical to the left

Prism with base $BC$ vertical to the right

Cornea

Ciliary muscles

Retina

Aqueous humor

Retina

Iris and Pupil

Cornea

Lens

Increases

Decreases

Remains same

Doubles

Decreases

Increases

Remains same

Becomes zero

$X$ is found between the lens and the retina; $Y$ is found between the cornea and the lens.

$X$ is found between the cornea and the lens; $Y$ is found between the lens and the retina.

$X$ is the fluid inside the crystalline lens; $Y$ is the fluid coating the outer cornea.

$X$ is located behind the retina; $Y$ is located between the iris and the pupil.

The field of view is approximately $150^\circ$, and it primarily helps in increasing the magnification of objects.

The field of view is approximately $270^\circ$, allowing for a wider peripheral detection of predators.

The field of view is approximately $180^\circ$, and the overlapping images allow for depth perception (three-dimensional vision).

The field of view is approximately $360^\circ$, ensuring that there are no blind spots in the human visual range.

The ciliary muscles relax, making the eye lens thinner and increasing its focal length.

The ciliary muscles contract, making the eye lens thicker and decreasing its focal length.

The ciliary muscles contract, making the eye lens thinner and decreasing its focal length.

The ciliary muscles relax, making the eye lens thicker and increasing its focal length.

Far Point: $50 \text{ cm}$, Near Point: $16.7 \text{ cm}$

Far Point: $200 \text{ cm}$, Near Point: $25 \text{ cm}$

Far Point: $\infty$, Near Point: $25 \text{ cm}$

Far Point: $100 \text{ cm}$, Near Point: $20 \text{ cm}$

50 cm

75 cm

100 cm

25 cm

1.00

1.33

1.38 to 1.41

2.42

No, only spectacles can

Yes, they can

Only for cataract

Only for night blindness

To diverge rays before they enter the eye

To converge rays before they enter the eye

To make rays parallel only

To block excess light

To converge rays before they enter the eye

To diverge rays before they enter the eye

To reflect rays back to the source

To change the color of the object

Only Myopia

Only Hypermetropia

Both Myopia and Hypermetropia

Cataract

It acts as a real object placed at the near point of the eye.

It converges the rays to compensate for the short eyeball.

It acts as an object for the eye lens, located at the eye's actual far point.

It moves the distant object to a position behind the retina.

The maximum focal length of the eye lens increases, affecting distant vision.

The minimum focal length of the eye lens increases, causing the near point to recede.

The eye lens becomes permanently thick, leading to short-sightedness.

The focal length becomes zero because the lens loses all refractive power.

Glaucoma

Cataract

Myopia

Presbyopia

The image distance increases

The image distance decreases

The image distance remains constant

The image distance first increases then decreases

$+3.0 D$

$-3.0 D$

$+2.0 D$

$-2.0 D$

Bifocals have two distinct focal lengths, while progressives have a gradient.

Bifocals are only for myopia, progressives for cataract.

Bifocals use only concave lenses, progressives use convex.

There is no difference; they are synonyms.

It speeds up

It slows down

Its speed stays the same

It stops moving

Angle of deviation

Angle of emergence

Angle of prism

Angle of incidence

Frequency

Velocity

Mass

Phase

Opaque

Translucent

Transparent

Reflective

Incident and Emergent rays

Internal and External angles

Angle of incidence and Angle of emergence

Initial and End rays

$36^{\circ}$

$48^{\circ}$

$24^{\circ}$

$12^{\circ}$

Angle of incidence

Material of the prism

Angle of the prism

Size of the prism

Because the glass is lighter than air.

Because of the shape of the prism and the change in speed of light.

Because of the magnetic field of the glass.

Because the vertex angle is always $90^{\circ}$.

$60^{\circ}$

$90^{\circ}$

$40^{\circ}$

$75^{\circ}$

The critical angle

The angle of the prism

The angle of incidence

Zero

Glass prism

Water drops

Diamond

All of these

Violet

Indigo

Blue

All are equal

$3 \times 10^8$ m/s

$3 \times 10^5$ m/s

$2 \times 10^8$ m/s

$3 \times 10^{10}$ m/s

At the back of the drop

As it enters the drop

Outside the drop

It does not happen in a drop

The seven colors will recombine to form a single beam of white light.

The spectrum will be broader with a greater degree of separation between the colors.

The second prism will act as a mirror and reflect the spectrum back to the first prism.

The light will lose all its color and emerge as a greyish blur due to double refraction.

D

i

A

r

A full spectrum

Only red light

No light

White light

Red

Yellow

Green

Violet

It will disperse twice and emerge from the first face.

It will never emerge from the prism.

It will emerge as white light from the second face.

It will only show the red color.

$7500$ Å

$5000$ Å

$3333$ Å

$2500$ Å

Actual

Apparent

Past

Future

$0.5^{\circ}$

$2^{\circ}$

$5^{\circ}$

$10^{\circ}$

Water

Glass

Medium

Air only

Snell's Law

Law of Reflection

Newton's Third Law

Pascal's Law

Mass of air

Volume of air

Optical density of air

Specific heat of air

Less

More

The same amount of

No

It continuously bends towards the normal.

It continuously bends away from the normal.

It follows a straight path until it hits the ground.

It reflects back into space.

Separating the colors of the Sun's light like a prism.

Scattering all the green light towards the observer.

Reflecting green light from the ocean surface.

Absorbing the red part of the spectrum entirely.

Because the physical conditions (temperature, density) of the air layers change constantly.

Because stars are constantly exploding.

Because the Earth's magnetic field bends light.

Because of the Doppler effect.

Approximately 1.0003

Exactly 1.0000

Approximately 1.33

Approximately 1.50

Scattering of shorter wavelengths

Scattering of longer wavelengths

Absorption of red light

Dispersion into seven colors

Thinner

Thicker

Cold

Dry

Yellow

Indigo

Orange

Red

Greater than 1000 nm

Between 1 nm and 1000 nm

Less than 1 nm

None of these

To produce a parallel beam of light rays that enter the glass tank.

To focus the transmitted light passing through the aperture to form a sharp image on the screen.

To increase the intensity of the blue light being scattered in all directions.

To disperse the white light into a spectrum of seven colors before it reaches the screen.

Bending of light around corners

Spreading of light in various random directions by particles

Splitting of light into seven colors

Bouncing back of light into the same medium

True solutions

Colloidal solutions

Suspensions after they settle down

Vacuum

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

A is true but R is false.

A is false but R is true.

Highly dependent on $1/\lambda^4$.

Proportional to $1/\lambda^2$.

Relatively independent of wavelength.

Zero for all wavelengths.

Reflection is wavelength-dependent, scattering is not.

Reflection occurs at a surface, while scattering occurs in all directions within a medium.

Scattering only happens with mirrors.

Reflection always changes the frequency of light.

Increase

Decrease

Stop

Stay the same

Reflection

Dispersion

Atmospheric refraction

Shadows

Air

Glass

Water

Vacuum

Light bends away from the normal

Light bends towards the normal

Light is reflected by clouds

Light is dispersed by the air

Myopia

Hypermetropia

Presbyopia

Cataract

Only blue light is visible

Only red light is visible

The scattered light may appear white

No light is scattered

Accommodation

Persistence of vision

Least distance of distinct vision

Bioluminescence

The refractive index increases.

The refractive index decreases.

The refractive index remains the same.

The refractive index becomes equal to that of a vacuum.

Blue light is absorbed by the atmosphere.

Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere.

Violet and blue lights are scattered more than lights of all other colors by the atmosphere.

Light of all other colors is scattered more than the violet and blue color lights by the atmosphere.

Wavelength

Speed

Frequency

Intensity