Thermal Physics

The fastest-moving molecules escape, leaving behind molecules with lower average kinetic energy.

The slowest-moving molecules escape, increasing the average kinetic energy of the remainder.

Thermal energy is transferred from the surroundings to the escaping molecules.

The liquid absorbs latent heat from the air to increase its temperature.

$0^\circ$C

$-100^\circ$C

$-373^\circ$C

$-273^\circ$C

Particles are far apart and move randomly at high speeds.

Particles are closely packed and vibrate about fixed positions.

Particles are close together and can slide past one another.

Particles are arranged in a regular lattice and do not move.

$228 K$

$45 K$

$318 K$

$273 K$

A and C

B and D

Only B

Only D

$J / kg$

$J / (kg \cdot K)$

$W / (m \cdot K)$

$J / K$

It occurs via infrared radiation, which does not require a medium.

It occurs via conduction through trace gas particles in space.

It occurs via convection currents in the interstellar medium.

It occurs via ultraviolet longitudinal waves.

Conduction from the sea to the air

Convection caused by the temperature difference between land and sea

Radiation reflected from the surface of the water

Evaporation of water molecules from the ocean surface

The dull black can

The shiny silver can

The dull white can

The shiny white can