Thermodynamics

It bends towards the iron side

It bends towards the brass side

It remains perfectly straight

It twists into a spiral

$0^\circ C$

$100^\circ C$

$4^\circ C$

$-4^\circ C$

$K$

$K^{-1}$

$m/K$

$J/K$

A to B

B to C

C to D

D to E

Specific heat capacity

Latent heat of vaporization

Latent heat of fusion

Thermal capacity

$J kg^{-1} K^{-1}$

$J K^{-1}$

$cal g^{-1} {}^{\circ}C^{-1}$

$W m^{-1} K^{-1}$

Positive

Negative

Dependent on the heat added

Zero

Internal Energy and Temperature

Pressure and Volume

Heat and Work

Enthalpy and Entropy

Temperature

Pressure

Volume

Molar mass

The isothermal curve is steeper than the adiabatic curve.

Both curves have the same slope at the point of intersection.

The adiabatic curve is $\gamma$ times steeper than the isothermal curve.

The isothermal curve is $\gamma$ times steeper than the adiabatic curve.

The walls of the container must be perfectly conducting and the process must be slow.

The walls of the container must be perfectly insulating and the process must be sudden.

The temperature of the system must remain constant throughout the process.

The pressure of the system must remain constant throughout the process.

$dQ = dW$

$dQ = dU$

$dU = dW$

$dQ = 0$

$T_1 = T_2$

$T_2$ is as low as possible and $T_1$ is as high as possible

$T_2$ is as high as possible and $T_1$ is as low as possible

The efficiency depends only on the working substance, not the temperatures

Heat rejected to heat absorbed

Total heat supplied to work done

Work done by the engine to the heat absorbed from the source

Temperature of the sink to the temperature of the source

Decreases

Increases

Remains constant

Becomes zero

The working substance is not an ideal gas.

There is always some friction between the piston and the cylinder.

Some energy is always lost through radiation.

The Second Law requires that some heat must be rejected to a sink at a lower temperature.

Work done by the engine

Heat rejected to the sink

Heat absorbed from the source

Internal energy of the system

Kelvin-Planck Statement

Clausius Statement

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics