Experimental Techniques

$cm^3/s$

$g/cm^3$

$^\circ C/s$

$mol/L$

Beaker

Measuring cylinder

Burette

Conical flask

$0$

$1$ or $2$

$4$

$5$

$25$ $cm^3$ pipette

$50$ $cm^3$ gas syringe

$250$ $cm^3$ beaker

$50$ $cm^3$ burette

$15.3$ $cm^3$

$15.4$ $cm^3$

$15.35$ $cm^3$

$15.45$ $cm^3$

Touching the bottom of the beaker

Touching the sides of the beaker

Fully immersed in the center of the liquid

Just above the surface of the liquid

$mm^3$

$cm^3$

$kg$

$m$

It has no effect because it does not change the number of moles of the analyte.

It increases the titre volume by diluting the titrant.

It decreases the titre volume by diluting the analyte.

It makes the endpoint harder to see due to the extra volume.

Filtering the saturated solution at $50^\circ\text{C}$ using a pre-warmed funnel.

Measuring the $NaCl$ mass using a measuring cylinder.

Cooling the solution to $0^\circ\text{C}$ before filtering the crystals.

Using a $1000\text{ cm}^3$ beaker to ensure enough water is present.

Hydrogen ($H_2$)

Chlorine ($Cl_2$)

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$)

Hydrogen chloride ($HCl$)

To find the total mass of the plant

To separate and identify the individual pigments

To make the pigments change color

To produce more pigments

Partitioning

Distillation

Filtration

Evaporation

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

It can detect and separate very small amounts of substances in a mixture

It changes the prohibited substances into harmless ones

It measures the athlete's lung capacity

It is the only way to measure heart rate

Aspirin

Paracetamol

A mixture of Aspirin and Paracetamol

Neither Aspirin nor Paracetamol

The spot was too concentrated when applied.

The beaker was covered with a lid.

The baseline was drawn with a pencil.

The solvent front moved too slowly.

It requires a very large amount of sample.

It cannot separate colored substances.

It is generally used for qualitative analysis rather than large-scale purification.

It is much more expensive than distillation.

Use a longer piece of paper.

Use a different solvent in which the components are more soluble.

Use a locating agent immediately.

Increase the temperature of the laboratory.

0.40

2.50

0.32

0.25

It is much slower, allowing for better visual observation.

It generally provides better separation and is faster.

It does not require a mobile phase.

It can only be used for colored substances.

To filter the impurities

To remove some of the solvent and make the solution concentrated

To turn the solute into a gas

To make the solution more dilute

It is the pure liquid product

It is the solid that could not dissolve and was removed

It is the solvent used to dissolve the solid

It is the gas given off during the reaction

Pure water

Liquid ethanol

Solid copper(II) sulfate

Oxygen gas

Condensation

Boiling

Sublimation

Freezing

Methanol molecules are larger and heavier

Methanol has a lower boiling point, so its vapor reaches the top of the column first

Methanol is more soluble in the glass beads of the column

Ethanol reacts with the glass beads and is held back

To make the water evaporate faster

To allow the solution to be heated more gently and prevent overheating

Because the solute is flammable

To ensure the solution reaches $100^\circ C$ exactly

To heat the liquid until it turns into a gas

To cool the vapor so that it turns back into a liquid

To filter out any solid impurities from the vapor

To separate different gases based on their density

To sweeten the juice further.

To precipitate impurities as an insoluble 'mud' that can be filtered off.

To catalyze the conversion of glucose into sucrose.

To lower the boiling point of the juice for faster evaporation.

The liquid in the flask would stop boiling.

The thermometer reading would drop to room temperature.

Vapor would escape from the end of the condenser instead of liquid being collected.

The flask would explode due to pressure build-up.

It has the highest boiling point and the lowest vapor pressure.

It has the lowest boiling point and the highest vapor pressure.

It reacts the most vigorously with air.

It is the densest liquid in the mixture.