Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.
🔑Concepts
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive or produce children even after years of unprotected sexual cohabitation.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies () refer to a range of special techniques used to assist couples to have children when natural conception is not possible.
In Vitro Fertilization () involves fertilization outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body, followed by Embryo Transfer ().
Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (): The zygote or early embryo (up to blastomeres) is transferred into the fallopian tube.
Intra Uterine Transfer (): Embryos with more than blastomeres are transferred into the uterus to complete further development.
Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (): Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide a suitable environment for fertilization.
Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (): A specialized procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
Artificial Insemination (): Semen collected from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced either into the vagina or into the uterus ( - Intra Uterine Insemination) of the female.
📐Formulae
💡Examples
Problem 1:
A couple is unable to conceive because the male partner has a very low sperm count ( per ). Suggest a suitable technique and explain the procedure.
Solution:
The suggested technique is Intra Uterine Insemination (), which is a form of Artificial Insemination ().
Explanation:
In , semen is collected either from the husband or a healthy donor and is concentrated. It is then artificially introduced into the uterus of the female. This increases the number of motile sperm reaching the fallopian tubes, thereby increasing the chances of fertilization.
Problem 2:
Differentiate between and based on the stage of the embryo and the site of transfer.
Solution:
uses embryos at the blastomere stage transferred to the Fallopian tube; uses embryos at the blastomere stage transferred to the Uterus.
Explanation:
(Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer) mimics the natural journey of the zygote through the tube. If the embryo is further developed ( blastomeres), it is biologically prepared for implantation in the uterine wall, hence (Intra Uterine Transfer) is performed.