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Biodiversity and Conservation - Biodiversity Conservation (In-situ and Ex-situ)

Grade 12CBSEBiology

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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In-situ Conservation (On-site): This approach involves protecting the entire ecosystem to save the species. It includes protecting habitats in their natural state such as National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Biosphere Reserves.

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Biodiversity Hotspots: Regions characterized by very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism (species confined to that region and not found anywhere else). There are currently 34 hotspots in the world, including Western Ghats-Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma, and the Himalayas in India.

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Sacred Groves: These are tracts of forest where all the trees and wildlife within are venerated and given total protection by local communities. Examples include Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya and Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan.

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Ex-situ Conservation (Off-site): This approach involves taking threatened animals and plants out of their natural habitat and placing them in special settings where they can be protected and given special care. Examples include Zoological parks, Botanical gardens, and Wildlife safari parks.

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Advanced Ex-situ Techniques: These include cryopreservation of gametes at very low temperatures (−196∘C-196^\circ C) using liquid N2N_2, in-vitro fertilization, and tissue culture propagation.

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International Conventions: The Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation, while the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, 2002) saw 190 countries pledge to reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss.

📐Formulae

S=CAZS = CA^Z

log⁡S=log⁡C+Zlog⁡A\log S = \log C + Z \log A

Tcryo=−196∘CT_{cryo} = -196^\circ C

💡Examples

Problem 1:

In the species-area relationship equation log⁡S=log⁡C+Zlog⁡A\log S = \log C + Z \log A, what does the value of ZZ represent, and what is its typical range for small areas regardless of the taxonomic group?

Solution:

ZZ represents the regression coefficient (slope of the line). For small areas, the value of ZZ typically ranges from 0.10.1 to 0.20.2.

Explanation:

Alexander von Humboldt observed that species richness increases with increasing explored area but only up to a limit. On a logarithmic scale, this relationship is a straight line where ZZ is the slope. In very large areas like entire continents, the slope is much steeper (0.60.6 to 1.21.2).

Problem 2:

Classify the following into In-situ and Ex-situ conservation: (i) Seed Banks, (ii) National Parks, (iii) Biosphere Reserves, (iv) Cryopreservation, (v) Sacred Groves, (vi) Zoological Parks.

Solution:

In-situ: (ii) National Parks, (iii) Biosphere Reserves, (v) Sacred Groves. Ex-situ: (i) Seed Banks, (iv) Cryopreservation, (vi) Zoological Parks.

Explanation:

In-situ conservation happens within the natural habitat, whereas Ex-situ involves moving the organisms to a controlled, man-made environment for protection.

Biodiversity Conservation (In-situ and Ex-situ) Revision - Class 12 Biology CBSE