Cell: Structure and Function

Each subtopic includes About section, revision page link, 10 preview questions, and practice CTAs.

Cell Theory and Cell as the Basic Unit of Life

Subtopic

Cell Theory and Cell as the Basic Unit of Life under Cell: Structure and Function for Grade 11 ICSE.

Preview questions (no answers)

1.
$The concept that the cell is the 'Structural Unit of Life' implies that:$
A. $Cells are only found in large animals$
B. $All living things are built up of cells$
C. $Cells are made of atoms$
D. $Living things can be created without cells$
2.
$The small structures within a cell that perform specific functions are called:$
A. $Tissues$
B. $Organelles$
C. $Organs$
D. $Molecules$
3.
$In which century was the cell first discovered and named?$
A. $15th Century$
B. $16th Century$
C. $17th Century$
D. $18th Century$
4.
$DNA$
A. $Acts as a solvent$
B. $Provides structural support to the cell wall$
C. $Contains instructions for development and function$
D. $Helps in the movement of the cell$
5.
$Which scientist generalized the cell theory to apply to both plants and animals equally in 1839?$
A. $Schleiden$
B. $Schwann$
C. $Virchow$
D. $Leeuwenhoek$
6.
$The concept that 'life is a continuous stream' is supported by which aspect of the cell theory?$
A. $The presence of a cell wall.$
B. $The existence of multicellularity.$
C. $The origin of cells from pre-existing cells.$
D. $The diversity in cell shapes.$
7.
$What is the primary reason why cells are not much larger than they currently are?$
A. $Gravity would crush a large cell.$
B. $The nucleus would be unable to control a very large volume of cytoplasm.$
C. $Large cells would require too many mitochondria.$
D. $Cell walls cannot support large volumes.$
8.
$Which of the following describes the 'Tyndall Effect' as observed in the cell's protoplasm?$
A. $The movement of ions against a concentration gradient.$
B. $The scattering of light by the colloidal particles in the protoplasm.$
C. $pH$
D. $The replication of DNA during the S-phase.$
9.
$When comparing a prokaryotic cell to a eukaryotic cell, why is the latter able to grow much larger?$
A. $Because it lacks a cell wall, allowing for easier expansion.$
B. $Because of internal compartmentalization (organelles) which increases effective surface area.$
C. $Because it does not require a nucleus to function.$
D. $Because it has a lower surface area-to-volume ratio requirements.$
10.
$Which researcher is credited with the statement that 'the cell is the seat of all diseases', thereby applying cell theory to pathology?$
A. $Louis Pasteur$
B. $Rudolf Virchow$
C. $Robert Koch$
D. $Joseph Lister$

Download the worksheet for Cell: Structure and Function - Cell Theory and Cell as the Basic Unit of Life to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.

Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Subtopic

Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells under Cell: Structure and Function for Grade 11 ICSE.

About Topic & Revision

Preview questions (no answers)

1.
$In a metacentric chromosome, the centromere is located:$
A. $At one end$
B. $Slightly away from the middle$
C. $In the middle, forming two equal arms$
D. $Very close to the end$
2.
$Which of the following is a membrane-bound minute vesicle that contains various enzymes and is present in both plant and animal cells?$
A. $Mesosome$
B. $Microbody$
C. $Polysome$
D. $Nucleoid$
3.
$The space inside the thylakoids of a chloroplast is called the:$
A. $Matrix$
B. $Stroma$
C. $Lumen$
D. $Cristae$
4.
$Small, disc-shaped structures present on the sides of the centromere are called:$
A. $Centrioles$
B. $Kinetochores$
C. $Cisternae$
D. $Stroma$
5.
$Which of the following organelles is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs in the liver?$
A. $Rough ER$
B. $Smooth ER$
C. $Golgi apparatus$
D. $Lysosome$
6.
$The inner mitochondrial membrane forms a number of infoldings called:$
A. $Thylakoids$
B. $Cristae$
C. $Cisternae$
D. $Granum$
7.
$Which of the following are the small bristle-like fibers sprouting out of the bacterial cell that help in attachment to rocks or host tissues?$
A. $Pili$
B. $Flagella$
C. $Fimbriae$
D. $Cilia$
8.
$What is the significance of 'Teichoic acids' found in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria?$
A. $They provide the bacteria with motility$
B. $They act as a barrier against all antibiotics$
C. $They provide rigidity and carry a negative charge that helps in ion passage$
D. $They are the primary site of ATP synthesis$
9.
$Na^{+}/K^{+}$
A. $Using light energy to move ions$
B. $The formation of a high-energy phosphorylated intermediate during the transport cycle$
C. $Moving solutes only along their concentration gradient$
D. $Being located only on the mitochondrial inner membrane$
10.
$Which of the following statement regarding eukaryotic 'Satellite DNA' is correct?$
A. $It codes for essential metabolic enzymes$
B. $It is typically found in the euchromatin regions$
C. $It consists of highly repetitive sequences often found at centromeres$
D. $It is translated into histone proteins$

Download the worksheet for Cell: Structure and Function - Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.

Cell Organelles (Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi, ER, Lysosomes, Vacuoles)

Subtopic

Cell Organelles (Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi, ER, Lysosomes, Vacuoles) under Cell: Structure and Function for Grade 11 ICSE.

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Preview questions (no answers)

1.
$In animal cells, the vacuoles are generally:$
A. $Large and permanent$
B. $Small and temporary$
C. $Absent in all cells$
D. $Equal in size to the nucleus$
2.
$Lysosomes are known to contain about 40 different types of:$
A. $Oxidative enzymes$
B. $Hydrolytic enzymes$
C. $Photosynthetic enzymes$
D. $Respiratory enzymes$
3.
$Mitochondria divide and multiply within the cell through a process similar to:$
A. $Mitosis$
B. $Meiosis$
C. $Fission$
D. $Budding$
4.
$Which of these structures in the Golgi apparatus is responsible for receiving material from the ER?$
A. $Secretory vesicles$
B. $Cis cisternae$
C. $Trans cisternae$
D. $Maturing face$
5.
$Based on the eukaryotic ribosome assembly diagram, which numerical value represents the sedimentation coefficient of the large subunit of a human cytoplasmic ribosome?$
A. $30S$
B. $50S$
C. $60S$
D. $80S$
6.
$Ribosomes attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum are generally involved in synthesizing proteins for:$
A. $The cytosol$
B. $Secretion or membrane insertion$
C. $The mitochondrial matrix$
D. $The interior of the nucleus$
7.
$The current model for transport through the Golgi suggests that the cisternae themselves move from the cis to the trans face, changing their enzyme composition as they go. This is known as the:$
A. $Vesicular transport model$
B. $Cisternal maturation model$
C. $Static cisternae model$
D. $Fluid mosaic model$
8.
$Which component of the Golgi complex is the primary site for the 'sorting' of proteins into different types of vesicles (e.g., lysosomal, secretory, or membrane-bound)?$
A. $Cis-Golgi network (CGN)$
B. $Median cisternae$
C. $Trans-Golgi network (TGN)$
D. $The ER-Golgi Intermediate Compartment (ERGIC)$
9.
$80S$
A. $60S$
B. $40S$
C. $Both subunits bind simultaneously as a complete dimer$
D. $50S$
10.
$The 'ER-associated degradation' (ERAD) pathway is responsible for:$
A. $The breakdown of old ER membranes by lysosomes$
B. $The translocation of misfolded proteins from the ER back into the cytosol for ubiquitination and proteasomal digestion$
C. $The synthesis of specialized lipids for the nuclear envelope$
D. $The conversion of rough ER into smooth ER when protein synthesis is low$

Download the worksheet for Cell: Structure and Function - Cell Organelles (Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi, ER, Lysosomes, Vacuoles) to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.

Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella, and Centrioles

Subtopic

Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella, and Centrioles under Cell: Structure and Function for Grade 11 ICSE.

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Preview questions (no answers)

1.
$Which of these is a major function of the cytoskeleton during intracellular transport?$
A. $Serving as tracks for moving vesicles$
B. $Synthesizing glucose$
C. $Storing waste products$
D. $Regulating osmosis$
2.
$The movement of flagella is typically:$
A. $Back and forth like an oar$
B. $Undulatory or whip-like$
C. $Contractile$
D. $Static$
3.
$What is the typical diameter of intermediate filaments?$
A. $2-5\text{ nm}$
B. $8-12\text{ nm}$
C. $20-25\text{ nm}$
D. $50-60\text{ nm}$
4.
$Cilia work like __________, causing the movement of either the cell or the surrounding fluid.$
A. $Propellers$
B. $Oars$
C. $Wheels$
D. $Springs$
5.
$The protein 'flagellin' is a component of:$
A. $Eukaryotic flagella$
B. $Prokaryotic flagella$
C. $Cilia$
D. $Microtubules$
6.
$What is the approximate diameter of a microtubule?$
A. $7 nm$
B. $10 nm$
C. $25 nm$
D. $100 nm$
7.
$Which structure is primarily responsible for the formation of the tail of a spermatozoon?$
A. $Microfilaments$
B. $Centrioles/Basal body$
C. $Intermediate filaments$
D. $Nuclear envelope$
8.
$The 'rootlet' of a cilium is a fibrous structure that extends from the basal body deep into the cytoplasm. What is the primary function of the ciliary rootlet?$
A. $It synthesizes ATP for the cilium$
B. $It provides mechanical anchorage for the cilium within the cell cytoskeleton$
C. $It acts as a storage site for tubulin dimers$
D. $It regulates the rotation of the basal body$
9.
$Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for the formation of the 'contractile ring' during cytokinesis in animal cells?$
A. $Microtubules$
B. $Intermediate filaments$
C. $Actin microfilaments$
D. $Centriolar satellites$
10.
$In the '9+2' axoneme, the central pair of microtubules is enclosed by a structure called the:$
A. $Nexin bridge$
B. $Radial spoke$
C. $Central sheath$
D. $Basal plate$

Download the worksheet for Cell: Structure and Function - Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella, and Centrioles to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.

Nucleus and Chromosomes

Subtopic

Nucleus and Chromosomes under Cell: Structure and Function for Grade 11 ICSE.

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Preview questions (no answers)

1.
$Telocentric chromosomes appear like which letter of the English alphabet during anaphase?$
A. $V$
B. $J$
C. $L$
D. $I$
2.
$What is the total number of chromosomes in a human skin cell?$
A. $23$
B. $46$
C. $44$
D. $22$
3.
$Which type of proteins are predominantly found in eukaryotic chromosomes to help wrap DNA?$
A. $Actin proteins$
B. $Histone proteins$
C. $Tubulin proteins$
D. $Keratin proteins$
4.
$The fluid part of the nucleus is also referred to as:$
A. $Cytolymph$
B. $Karyolymph$
C. $Hemolymph$
D. $Endolymph$
5.
$DNA$
A. $Kinetochore$
B. $Centrosome$
C. $Telomere$
D. $Chromomere$
6.
$Which type of chromosome has a centromere such that one arm is slightly shorter than the other, resulting in an 'L' shape during anaphase?$
A. $Metacentric$
B. $Sub-metacentric$
C. $Acrocentric$
D. $Telocentric$
7.
$Which of the following is the most condensed form of DNA packaging?$
A. $30\text{ nm}$
B. $Nucleosome$
C. $Metaphase chromosome$
D. $Euchromatin$
8.
$Which structural feature of the nuclear envelope is responsible for the 'disassembly' of the envelope during prometaphase?$
A. $The contraction of actin filaments.$
B. $The phosphorylation of nuclear lamins by the M-phase promoting factor (MPF).$
C. $The dehydration of the nucleoplasm.$
D. $The influx of calcium ions from the mitochondria.$
9.
$In eukaryotic cells, the DNA 'C-value' refers to:$
A. $The number of chromosomes in a diploid cell.$
B. $The total amount of DNA contained within a haploid nucleus.$
C. $The concentration of carbon in the nucleus.$
D. $The speed of DNA replication.$
10.
$What defines a 'Holocentric' chromosome?$
A. $A chromosome with no centromere.$
B. $A chromosome where the centromere is distributed along the entire length of the chromosome.$
C. $A chromosome with two distinct centromeres at each end.$
D. $A chromosome that is circular like a plasmid.$

Download the worksheet for Cell: Structure and Function - Nucleus and Chromosomes to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.

Biomolecules (Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids)

Subtopic

Biomolecules (Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids) under Cell: Structure and Function for Grade 11 ICSE.

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Preview questions (no answers)

1.
$Lipids are generally insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like:$
A. $Hydrochloric acid$
B. $Ether$
C. $Sodium hydroxide$
D. $Salt solution$
2.
$Which functional group is common to all fatty acids?$
A. $Hydroxyl group$
B. $Carboxyl group$
C. $Amino group$
D. $Phosphate group$
3.
$Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar?$
A. $Glucose$
B. $Maltose$
C. $Sucrose$
D. $Lactose$
4.
$A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits which level of organization?$
A. $Primary$
B. $Secondary$
C. $Tertiary$
D. $Quaternary$
5.
$What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in animal liver and muscle cells?$
A. $Starch$
B. $Glycogen$
C. $Cellulose$
D. $Chitin$
6.
$The peptide bond is characterized by being:$
A. $Flexible and easily rotatable$
B. $A triple bond between Carbon and Nitrogen$
C. $Planar and rigid due to partial double bond character$
D. $An ionic bond between oppositely charged groups$
7.
$In proteins, the 'R-group' or side chain of the amino acid Glycine consists of:$
A. $-CH_{3}$
B. $-H$
C. $-OH$
D. $-COOH$
8.
$If you are testing for the presence of proteins in a solution using the Biuret reagent, which specific chemical group is the reagent reacting with?$
A. $Free amino groups$
B. $Free carboxyl groups$
C. $Peptide bonds$
D. $Disulfide bridges$
9.
$The 'fluid mosaic model' of the cell membrane emphasizes that proteins can move laterally. Which component of the membrane is primarily responsible for maintaining the fluidity of animal cell membranes at low temperatures?$
A. $Saturated phospholipids$
B. $Peripheral proteins$
C. $Cholesterol$
D. $Glycolipids$
10.
$What is the primary function of a 'molecular chaperone' in a cell?$
A. $To degrade misfolded proteins.$
B. $To assist in the correct folding of newly synthesized polypeptides.$
C. $To transport proteins across the nuclear membrane.$
D. $To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.$

Download the worksheet for Cell: Structure and Function - Biomolecules (Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids) to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.

Enzymes (Types, Properties, Enzyme Action)

Subtopic

Enzymes (Types, Properties, Enzyme Action) under Cell: Structure and Function for Grade 11 ICSE.

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Preview questions (no answers)

1.
$V_{max}$
A. $K_m$
B. $Turnover number$
C. $Activation constant$
D. $Saturation point$
2.
$Competitive inhibition of an enzyme can usually be overcome by:$
A. $Increasing the substrate concentration$
B. $Decreasing the temperature$
C. $Adding more inhibitor$
D. $Decreasing the pH$
3.
$The 'Lock and Key' model emphasizes which specific property of enzymes?$
A. $Specificity$
B. $Reversibility$
C. $Thermal instability$
D. $Crystallinity$
4.
$Which type of cofactor is permanently and very tightly bound to the apoenzyme?$
A. $Prosthetic group$
B. $Coenzyme$
C. $Substrate$
D. $Inhibitor$
5.
$K_m$
A. $It increases significantly.$
B. $It decreases significantly.$
C. $It remains unchanged.$
D. $V_{max}$
6.
$Which of the following binds to the active site of an enzyme?$
A. $Non-competitive inhibitor$
B. $Allosteric activator$
C. $Competitive inhibitor$
D. $Metal ion inhibitor$
7.
$The suffix added to the name of a substrate or the type of reaction to name an enzyme is usually:$
A. $-ose$
B. $-ase$
C. $-ine$
D. $-ide$
8.
$45^\circ C$
A. $An increase in the activation energy barrier.$
B. $The loss of tertiary structure of the enzyme due to the breaking of weak hydrogen and ionic bonds.$
C. $The substrate molecules moving too fast to bind to the active site.$
D. $The accumulation of toxic by-products at higher temperatures.$
9.
$The lock and key hypothesis fails to explain which of the following?$
A. $How enzymes show absolute specificity.$
B. $The formation of an enzyme-substrate complex.$
C. $The requirement of a specific pH for enzyme action.$
D. $The ability of an enzyme to stabilize the transition state through conformational changes.$
10.
$Which of the following is NOT a property of enzymes?$
A. $They are generally thermolabile.$
B. $They are highly specific in their action.$
C. $They are consumed during the chemical reaction they catalyze.$
D. $They do not alter the final equilibrium of a reversible reaction.$

Download the worksheet for Cell: Structure and Function - Enzymes (Types, Properties, Enzyme Action) to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.

Cell Cycle and Cell Division (Mitosis and Meiosis)

Subtopic

Cell Cycle and Cell Division (Mitosis and Meiosis) under Cell: Structure and Function for Grade 11 ICSE.

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Preview questions (no answers)

1.
$Centrioles are absent in which of the following?$
A. $Animal cells$
B. $Higher plant cells$
C. $Protists$
D. $Fungi$
2.
$2n$
A. $n$
B. $2n$
C. $4n$
D. $8n$
3.
$Which sub-stage of Prophase I is characterized by the appearance of recombination nodules?$
A. $Zygotene$
B. $Pachytene$
C. $Diplotene$
D. $Diakinesis$
4.
$What is the site of attachment of two sister chromatids?$
A. $Centromere$
B. $Telomere$
C. $Chiasmata$
D. $Secondary constriction$
5.
$Which phase of the cell cycle is also known as the 'post-mitotic' phase?$
A. $G_1$
B. $S$
C. $G_2$
D. $M$
6.
$G_1$
A. $2$
B. $4$
C. $8$
D. $1$
7.
$Astral rays are formed from which structure in animal cells?$
A. $Nucleus$
B. $Centrosome$
C. $Mitochondria$
D. $Cell membrane$
8.
$In the process of spermatogenesis, how many sperm cells are produced from a single primary spermatocyte, and how many are produced from a single secondary spermatocyte?$
A. $4 from primary, 2 from secondary$
B. $2 from primary, 1 from secondary$
C. $1 from primary, 4 from secondary$
D. $4 from primary, 4 from secondary$
9.
$What is the role of the 'Centrosome' in animal cell division?$
A. $It serves as the main microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) for the spindle.$
B. $It is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis.$
C. $It holds the sister chromatids together at the metaphase plate.$
D. $It synthesizes the phospholipids for the new cell membrane.$
10.
$G_1$
A. $Proceed to S-phase regardless of external growth factors.$
B. $G_0$
C. $Undergo apoptosis to prevent uncontrolled growth.$
D. $Pause and wait for the completion of DNA repair.$

Download the worksheet for Cell: Structure and Function - Cell Cycle and Cell Division (Mitosis and Meiosis) to practice offline. It includes additional chapter-level practice questions.

Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Theory and Cell as the Basic Unit of Life

❓Preview questions (no answers)

Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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Cell Organelles (Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi, ER, Lysosomes, Vacuoles)

❓Preview questions (no answers)

Cytoskeleton, Cilia, Flagella, and Centrioles

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Nucleus and Chromosomes

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Biomolecules (Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids)

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Enzymes (Types, Properties, Enzyme Action)

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Cell Cycle and Cell Division (Mitosis and Meiosis)

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