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The Living World - Binomial nomenclature

Grade 11CBSEBiology

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

Binomial Nomenclature is the formal system of naming organisms, introduced by Carolus Linnaeus in his works like Species Plantarum\textit{Species Plantarum} and Systema Naturae\textit{Systema Naturae}.

Every biological name consists of two components: the Generic name (denoting the Genus\textit{Genus}) and the Specific epithet (denoting the species\textit{species}).

Biological names are generally in Latin or are Latinized. When printed, they are written in italics, and when handwritten, they are separately underlined to indicate their Latin origin.

The first word (Genus) starts with a capital letter, while the specific epithet starts with a small letter, for example: Mangifera indica\textit{Mangifera indica}.

The author's name appears after the specific epithet in an abbreviated form, such as in Mangifera indica L.\textit{Mangifera indica L.}, where L.L. denotes that the species was first described by Linnaeus.

Nomenclature is governed by international codes: ICBNICBN (International Code for Botanical Nomenclature) for plants and ICZNICZN (International Code for Zoological Nomenclature) for animals.

📐Formulae

Scientific Name=Generic Name+Specific Epithet\text{Scientific Name} = \text{Generic Name} + \text{Specific Epithet}

Full Biological Name=Genus(Capitalized) species(Lowercase) Author(Abbreviated)\text{Full Biological Name} = \textit{Genus}_{(\text{Capitalized})} \ \textit{species}_{(\text{Lowercase})} \ \text{Author}_{(\text{Abbreviated})}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Identify the correct representation of the scientific name for the common housefly according to the rules of Binomial Nomenclature.

Solution:

Musca domestica\textit{Musca domestica}

Explanation:

The genus Musca\textit{Musca} starts with a capital letter, the specific epithet domestica\textit{domestica} starts with a small letter, and both words are italicized.

Problem 2:

Given the name Panthera leo L.\textit{Panthera leo L.}, identify the components.

Solution:

Genus: Panthera\textit{Panthera}, Specific Epithet: leo\textit{leo}, Author: L. (Linnaeus)L. \text{ (Linnaeus)}.

Explanation:

The first term is the genus, the second is the specific epithet, and the third is the abbreviated name of the scientist who first validly published the name.

Problem 3:

Why is the name Homo\underline{Homo} sapiens\underline{sapiens} underlined in handwritten notes?

Solution:

To indicate its Latin origin.

Explanation:

According to the rules of nomenclature, scientific names must be underlined separately when handwritten to signify that the name is derived from Latin, as Latin is a dead language and provides a fixed standard.

Binomial nomenclature - Revision Notes & Key Diagrams | CBSE Class 11 Biology