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Morphology of Flowering Plants - Description of families (Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae)

Grade 11CBSEBiology

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

πŸ”‘Concepts

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Fabaceae (formerly Papilionoideae): This family is characterized by zygomorphic flowers (%\% ), a papilionaceous corolla with five petals (C1+2+(2)C_{1+2+(2)}), and diadelphous stamens (A(9)+1A_{(9)+1}). The ovary is superior, monocarpellary, and unilocular with marginal placentation (G1β€ΎG_{\underline{1}}).

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Solanaceae (Potato family): Flowers are typically actinomorphic (βŠ•\oplus) and bisexual (\textdied\text{\textdied}). The calyx is persistent (K(5)K_{(5)}), and stamens are epipetalous (C(5)A5⏞\overbrace{C_{(5)} A_5}). The gynoecium is bicarpellary and syncarpous with a superior ovary and swollen placenta (axile placentation) (G(2β€Ύ)G_{(\underline{2})}).

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Liliaceae (Lily family): A characteristic monocot family. Flowers are actinomorphic and often have a perianth (PP) instead of distinct calyx and corolla. The perianth members are often united into a tube (P(3+3)P_{(3+3)}). Stamens are epitepalous (PA3+3P A_{3+3}), and the gynoecium is tricarpellary and syncarpous (G(3β€Ύ)G_{(\underline{3})}) with axile placentation.

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Floral Formula Symbols: βŠ•\oplus denotes Actinomorphic, %\% denotes Zygomorphic, \textdied\text{\textdied} denotes Bisexual, KK denotes Calyx, CC denotes Corolla, PP denotes Perianth, AA denotes Androecium, GG denotes Gynoecium, and Gβ€Ύ\underline{G} denotes Superior Ovary.

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Economic Importance: Fabaceae provides pulses (Gram, Arhar); Solanaceae provides food (Potato, Tomato) and medicine (Belladonna); Liliaceae provides ornamentals (Tulip) and medicine (Aloe).

πŸ“Formulae

Fabaceae:Β %Β \textdiedK(5)C1+2+(2)A(9)+1G1β€Ύ\text{Fabaceae: } \% \text{ } \text{\textdied} K_{(5)} C_{1+2+(2)} A_{(9)+1} G_{\underline{1}}

Solanaceae:Β βŠ•Β \textdiedK(5)C(5)A5⏞G(2β€Ύ)\text{Solanaceae: } \oplus \text{ } \text{\textdied} K_{(5)} \overbrace{C_{(5)} A_5} G_{(\underline{2})}

Liliaceae:Β BrβŠ•Β \textdiedP(3+3)A3+3G(3β€Ύ)\text{Liliaceae: } Br \oplus \text{ } \text{\textdied} P_{(3+3)} A_{3+3} G_{(\underline{3})}

πŸ’‘Examples

Problem 1:

Identify the plant family characterized by the floral formula βŠ•Β \textdiedK(5)C(5)A5⏞G(2β€Ύ)\oplus \text{ } \text{\textdied} K_{(5)} \overbrace{C_{(5)} A_5} G_{(\underline{2})} and mention its type of placentation.

Solution:

The family is Solanaceae. The placentation is Axile.

Explanation:

The formula indicates actinomorphic symmetry (βŠ•\oplus), five united sepals (K(5)K_{(5)}), five united petals (C(5)C_{(5)}), five epipetalous stamens (CA⏞\overbrace{C A}), and a bicarpellary syncarpous superior ovary (G(2β€Ύ)G_{(\underline{2})}). These are diagnostic features of Solanaceae, which also features a swollen placenta with axile placentation.

Problem 2:

Describe the Androecium and Gynoecium of the family Fabaceae using botanical notation.

Solution:

Androecium: A(9)+1A_{(9)+1} (Diadelphous); Gynoecium: G1β€ΎG_{\underline{1}} (Superior ovary, monocarpellary).

Explanation:

In Fabaceae, there are ten stamens arranged in two bundles (9 united and 1 free), which is termed diadelphous. The ovary is superior and consists of a single carpel (monocarpellary) with marginal placentation.

Problem 3:

A flower shows a perianth with six tepals in two whorls and tricarpellary syncarpous ovary. Which family does it belong to?

Solution:

The flower belongs to the family Liliaceae.

Explanation:

Liliaceae is a monocot family where the calyx and corolla are not distinct, forming a perianth (P3+3P_{3+3}). The gynoecium is characterized by being tricarpellary (33 carpels) and syncarpous (united), represented as G(3β€Ύ)G_{(\underline{3})}.

Description of families (Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae) Class 11 Notes & Examples