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Locomotion and Movement - Types of movement (ciliary, flagellar, muscular)

Grade 11CBSEBiology

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

Amoeboid Movement: Exhibited by specialized cells like macrophages and leucocytes in blood. It is effected by pseudopodia formed by the streaming of protoplasm. Cytoskeletal elements like microfilamentsmicrofilaments are also involved in this type of movement.

Ciliary Movement: Occurs in internal tubular organs lined by ciliated epithelium. Examples include the coordinated movement of ciliacilia in the tracheatrachea to remove dust particles and the passage of ova through the fallopian tubesfallopian \ tubes.

Flagellar Movement: This type of movement helps in the swimming of spermatozoaspermatozoa, maintenance of water current in the canal system of sponges, and locomotion in protozoans like EuglenaEuglena.

Muscular Movement: A significant characteristic of multicellular organisms. It utilizes the contractile property of muscles. Movement of limbs, jaws, and tongue require muscular movement, which involves the coordination of muscular, skeletal, and neural systems.

Relationship between Locomotion and Movement: All locomotions are movements, but all movements are not locomotions. For instance, the beating of ciliacilia in the tracheatrachea is movement but not locomotion.

📐Formulae

LocomotionMovementLocomotion \subset Movement

ATPATPase, Mg2+ADP+Pi+EnergyATP \xrightarrow{ATPase, \ Mg^{2+}} ADP + P_i + Energy

Microtubule Structure in Cilia/Flagella=9+2 array\text{Microtubule Structure in Cilia/Flagella} = 9 + 2 \text{ array}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Which type of movement is responsible for the removal of dust particles from the tracheatrachea and how is it achieved?

Solution:

Ciliary movement.

Explanation:

The tracheatrachea is lined with ciliated epithelium. The coordinated, rhythmic beating of these ciliacilia moves the mucus-trapped dust particles upwards toward the pharynx, away from the lungs.

Problem 2:

Identify the movement exhibited by macrophagesmacrophages and the cellular components involved.

Solution:

Amoeboid movement involving microfilamentsmicrofilaments.

Explanation:

MacrophagesMacrophages move through tissues to reach sites of infection by forming pseudopodiapseudopodia (false feet). This protoplasmic streaming is assisted by cytoskeletalcytoskeletal elements known as microfilamentsmicrofilaments.

Types of movement (ciliary, flagellar, muscular) Revision - Class 11 Biology CBSE