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Algebra - Solution of an Equation by Trial and Error

Grade 6CBSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

An equation is a mathematical statement that asserts the equality of two expressions, separated by an equal sign (==). Visually, think of an equation as a balanced weighing scale where the weight on the Left Hand Side (LHS) is exactly equal to the weight on the Right Hand Side (RHS).

A variable is a symbol, usually a letter like x,y,orzx, y, or z, that represents an unknown number. In the trial and error method, we treat the variable as a placeholder that we fill with different numbers to see which one 'fits' the balance of the equation.

The solution of an equation is the specific value of the variable that makes the equation true (i.e., makes LHS=RHSLHS = RHS). If we imagine the equation as a locked door, the solution is the specific key that turns the lock.

The Trial and Error Method involves substituting various numerical values for the variable one by one and calculating the result for the LHS. We continue this process until we find a value where the calculated LHS matches the given RHS.

To stay organized, we use a systematic table with columns for the 'Assumed Value of Variable', the 'Calculated LHS', the 'Fixed RHS', and a 'Conclusion' (Is LHS=RHSLHS = RHS?). This visual grid helps track which numbers have been tried and how close we are to the answer.

During the trial process, if the calculated LHS is much smaller than the RHS, we should try a significantly larger number for the variable. If the LHS is slightly larger than the RHS, we should try a slightly smaller number. This directional guessing makes the process faster.

The equality sign (==) acts as a fulcrum. If the value substituted makes the LHS greater than the RHS (LHS>RHSLHS > RHS), the scale tips to the left. If it makes the LHS smaller (LHS<RHSLHS < RHS), it tips to the right. We only stop when the scale is perfectly horizontal.

📐Formulae

General form of a linear equation: ax+b=cax + b = c

Condition for solution: LHS=RHSLHS = RHS

Verification: If x=kx = k is a solution, then a(k)+b=ca(k) + b = c

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Solve the equation x+4=10x + 4 = 10 using the trial and error method.

Solution:

We will try different values for xx:

  1. Let x=2x = 2: LHS=2+4=6LHS = 2 + 4 = 6. Since 6106 \neq 10, x=2x=2 is not the solution.
  2. Let x=4x = 4: LHS=4+4=8LHS = 4 + 4 = 8. Since 8108 \neq 10, x=4x=4 is not the solution.
  3. Let x=5x = 5: LHS=5+4=9LHS = 5 + 4 = 9. Since 9109 \neq 10, x=5x=5 is not the solution.
  4. Let x=6x = 6: LHS=6+4=10LHS = 6 + 4 = 10. Since 10=1010 = 10, the condition LHS=RHSLHS = RHS is satisfied. Therefore, the solution is x=6x = 6.

Explanation:

We systematically substituted increasing values for xx and observed that the LHS sum was getting closer to 10. Once we reached x=6x = 6, the equation balanced perfectly.

Problem 2:

Find the value of mm in 3m=153m = 15 by trial and error.

Solution:

We will substitute values for mm and check if the product with 3 equals 15:

  1. Try m=1m = 1: LHS=3×1=315LHS = 3 \times 1 = 3 \neq 15.
  2. Try m=3m = 3: LHS=3×3=915LHS = 3 \times 3 = 9 \neq 15.
  3. Try m=4m = 4: LHS=3×4=1215LHS = 3 \times 4 = 12 \neq 15.
  4. Try m=5m = 5: LHS=3×5=15=15LHS = 3 \times 5 = 15 = 15. Since LHS=RHSLHS = RHS when m=5m = 5, the solution is m=5m = 5.

Explanation:

In this multiplicative equation, we tested integers for mm. By observing that 3×43 \times 4 was 12 (too small) and 3×53 \times 5 was 15 (correct), we identified the solution.