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Time - Reading Time to the nearest minute

Grade 4ICSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

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The clock face is a circular dial divided into 1212 equal parts marked with numbers 11 to 1212 for hours. Between each pair of numbers, there are 55 small divisions, each representing 11 minute. In total, there are 6060 small markings representing 6060 minutes in one full rotation.

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A standard clock has two main hands: the short hand is the Hour Hand, and the long hand is the Minute Hand. When the minute hand moves from one small mark to the next, exactly 1 minute1 \text{ minute} has passed.

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To read the minutes quickly, we use the 55-times table for the big numbers. For example, if the minute hand points at 11, it is 55 minutes; at 22, it is 1010 minutes; and at 77, it is 7×5=357 \times 5 = 35 minutes past the hour.

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When reading time to the nearest minute, identify the last big number the minute hand passed, multiply it by 55, and then count the small marks (ticks) after that number. If the hand is 33 small marks after the number 44, the minutes are (4×5)+3=23(4 \times 5) + 3 = 23 minutes.

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The term 'past' is used to describe the time during the first 3030 minutes of an hour. Visually, the minute hand will be on the right side of the clock (from 1212 to 66). For example, 2:142:14 is read as '1414 minutes past 22'.

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The term 'to' is used when the minute hand has passed the 3030-minute mark and is on the left side of the clock (from 66 to 1212). We calculate the minutes remaining until the next hour. For example, 10:5210:52 is '88 minutes to 1111' because 60−52=860 - 52 = 8.

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Special positions include 'Quarter Past' at 1515 minutes (the minute hand points at 33), 'Half Past' at 3030 minutes (the minute hand points at 66), and 'Quarter To' at 4545 minutes (the minute hand points at 99).

📐Formulae

1 hour=60 minutes1 \text{ hour} = 60 \text{ minutes}

1 minute=60 seconds1 \text{ minute} = 60 \text{ seconds}

Total Minutes=(Big Number on Clock×5)+Small Marks passed\text{Total Minutes} = (\text{Big Number on Clock} \times 5) + \text{Small Marks passed}

Minutes to Next Hour=60−Current Minutes\text{Minutes to Next Hour} = 60 - \text{Current Minutes}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Identify the time shown on a clock where the hour hand is between 77 and 88, and the minute hand is at the 22nd small mark after the number 44.

Solution:

Step 1: Determine the hour. The hour hand has passed 77 but not yet reached 88, so the hour is 77. Step 2: Calculate minutes from the big number. The minute hand is past 44, so 4×5=204 \times 5 = 20 minutes. Step 3: Add the small marks. 20+2=2220 + 2 = 22 minutes. The time is 7:227:22.

Explanation:

We find the current hour from the shorter hand, then use the 55-times table for the minute hand's position relative to the main numbers and add the extra ticks for precision.

Problem 2:

Convert 4:484:48 into 'minutes to' notation.

Solution:

Step 1: Identify the current minutes, which is 4848. Step 2: Subtract the minutes from 6060: 60−48=1260 - 48 = 12 minutes. Step 3: Identify the next hour. The hour after 44 is 55. Step 4: Combine the results. The time is 1212 minutes to 55.

Explanation:

Since the minutes are more than 3030, we calculate how many minutes are needed to complete the hour and state the upcoming hour.