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Number - Estimating and checking results

Grade 3IGCSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

Rounding to the nearest 10: If the units digit is 5 or more, round up. If it is 4 or less, round down.

Estimation: Finding an approximate answer that is close to the actual value to make calculations easier.

Inverse Operations: Using the opposite operation to check if an answer is correct (e.g., checking addition with subtraction).

Reasonableness: Judging if an answer 'makes sense' based on the estimated value.

📐Formulae

EstimateRounded Number 1±Rounded Number 2\text{Estimate} \approx \text{Rounded Number 1} \pm \text{Rounded Number 2}

Check Addition: a+b=c    cb=a\text{Check Addition: } a + b = c \implies c - b = a

Check Subtraction: ab=c    c+b=a\text{Check Subtraction: } a - b = c \implies c + b = a

💡Examples

Problem 1:

Estimate the sum of 37 and 52 by rounding to the nearest 10.

Solution:

37 rounds to 40; 52 rounds to 50. 40 + 50 = 90.

Explanation:

Since 7 is greater than 5, 37 rounds up to 40. Since 2 is less than 5, 52 rounds down to 50. The estimated sum is 90.

Problem 2:

Calculate 85 - 23 and use the inverse operation to check your result.

Solution:

85 - 23 = 62. Check: 62 + 23 = 85.

Explanation:

First, perform the subtraction. To check the answer, add the result (62) to the number that was subtracted (23). If you get the starting number (85), the answer is correct.

Problem 3:

Sarah says that 148 + 21 is approximately 200. Is her estimate reasonable?

Solution:

No, the estimate is not reasonable. 150 + 20 = 170.

Explanation:

By rounding 148 to the nearest ten (150) and 21 to the nearest ten (20), the sum is 170. 200 is too far away from the actual numbers to be a helpful estimate.