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Geometry - Properties of 2D shapes (polygons and circles)

Grade 3IGCSE

Review the key concepts, formulae, and examples before starting your quiz.

🔑Concepts

Definition of a Polygon: A closed 2D shape with straight sides.

Naming Polygons: Triangles (3 sides), Quadrilaterals (4 sides), Pentagons (5 sides), Hexagons (6 sides), Octagons (8 sides).

Regular vs. Irregular: Regular polygons have all sides and angles equal; irregular polygons do not.

Vertices: The 'corners' where two sides meet.

Properties of Quadrilaterals: Squares have 4 equal sides and 4 right angles; Rectangles have opposite sides equal and 4 right angles.

Circle Parts: The center (middle point), radius (center to edge), and diameter (line through center from edge to edge).

Parallel Lines: Lines that stay the same distance apart and never meet.

Perpendicular Lines: Lines that meet at a right angle (90°).

📐Formulae

Perimeter of a polygon = sum of all side lengths\text{sum of all side lengths}

Number of vertices = Number of sides (for any polygon)\text{Number of sides (for any polygon)}

Diameter=2×Radius\text{Diameter} = 2 \times \text{Radius}

💡Examples

Problem 1:

A shape has 6 straight sides of equal length. What is the name of this shape, and is it regular or irregular?

Solution:

Regular Hexagon

Explanation:

A six-sided polygon is called a hexagon. Because all sides are mentioned as being equal in length, it is classified as 'regular'.

Problem 2:

If the radius of a circle is 5 cm5\text{ cm}, what is the length of its diameter?

Solution:

10 cm10\text{ cm}

Explanation:

The diameter of a circle is always twice the length of the radius. So, 5 cm×2=10 cm5\text{ cm} \times 2 = 10\text{ cm}.

Problem 3:

A rectangle has two sides that are 8 cm8\text{ cm} long and two sides that are 3 cm3\text{ cm} long. Calculate the perimeter.

Solution:

22 cm22\text{ cm}

Explanation:

The perimeter is the total distance around the shape. 8+8+3+3=22 cm8 + 8 + 3 + 3 = 22\text{ cm}.