Data Handling - Collecting and Recording Data

What is Data: Data is a collection of information gathered by counting, measuring, or observing. It can be represented in the form of numbers, names, or symbols.

Recording Data using Tally Marks: Tally marks are a quick way of recording and counting data in groups of $5$. We draw four vertical lines and the fifth line is drawn diagonally across the four lines to form a 'bundle'. Visually, $1$ is $|$, $2$ is $||$, $3$ is $|||$, $4$ is $||||$, and $5$ is represented by four vertical sticks with a cross-bar.

Data Tables: A table is an organized arrangement of data in rows and columns. It usually has a title and headings to show what information is being recorded. Visualizing a table is like looking at a grid where the first column lists items and the next columns show their counts or tallies.

Pictographs: A pictograph is a way of representing data using pictures or symbols. For example, if we are counting apples, we might use a small drawing of an apple to represent a certain quantity.

The Key in a Pictograph: The 'Key' is the most important part of a pictograph as it tells us the value of one symbol. For instance, the key might state that $1 \text{ star symbol} = 10 \text{ students}$. If the key is not followed, the data will be read incorrectly.

Interpreting Data: This involves looking at the recorded data to answer questions like 'Which item is the most popular?' or 'How many more items are in group A than group B?'

Observation and Collection: Before recording, data must be collected. This can be done by looking at a picture, conducting a small survey among friends, or counting objects in a room.